ACT Parenting Program: A pilot study with observational measures of parent-child interaction / Programa Parental ACT: Um Piloto com Medidas Observacionais da Interação Cuidador-Criança

Abstract Considering the lack of studies involving primary prevention of child abuse, this pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Parenting Program, a universal violence prevention program, through observational measures of parent-child interactions and parental self-report. The study included 10 parents, randomly assigned to wait-list control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), with pre-test/post-test/follow-up measures. The observation sessions were conducted in a lab-house with one-way mirror and filming equipment. Comparing the groups, the EG had a significant increase in self-reported problem-solving skills after program completion. However, no differences were found among observational measures. Further studies are required to attest the effectiveness of the program with behavioral measures.

Resumo Considerando a escassez de estudos que visem a prevenção primária da violência contra crianças, o presente estudo piloto avaliou a efetividade do programa parental ACT por meio de medidas observacionais da interação pais-filhos e do autorrelato dos pais. Participaram do estudo 10 pais, divididos randomicamente em grupos experimental (GE) e controle (GC) de espera, submetidos a medidas de pré-teste/pós-teste/follow-up. As sessões de observação foram conduzidas em uma casa-laboratório com espelho unidirecional e equipamentos de filmagem. Comparando-se os grupos, o GE apresentou aumento significativo da habilidade de resolução de problemas após a intervenção. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças dentre as medidas observacionais avaliadas. Novos estudos são necessários a fim de verificar a efetividade do programa por meio de dados observacionais.

Effect of parent-child bibliotherapy on symptom management and self-management behaviors in school-age children with asthma / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of parent-child bibliotherapy on symptom management and self-management behaviors in school-age children with asthma.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019, a total of 130 school-age asthma children were randomly divided into experiment group ( n=65) and control group ( n=65) by random number table method. Children in the control group received routine care, experiment group carried out parent-child bibliotherapy based on the routine care and assessed after three months of intervention. The times of asthma attack and emergency treatment were recorded between two groups, the daytime and nighttime symptom scores were assessed according to the Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children, and self-management behaviors was measured by Self-management Behavior Questionnaire for Asthmatic Children. Results:After three months of intervention, the average frequency of asthma and emergency treatment in the experiment group (1.84±0.51), (1.16±0.58) times were reduced, compared to (2.53±0.85), (1.34±0.32) times in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.281, 2.084, P<0.05). After three months of intervention, the daytime and nighttime symptom scores were (1.54±0.35) points and (1.40±0.17) points, lower than (2.15±0.43) and (1.98±0.52) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.632, 2.338, P<0.05).; the total self-management behaviors scores and diet, avoidance of allergens, recognition and treatment of asthma attack, exercise, drug scores were (3.08±0.32), (3.02±0.83), (2.54±0.66), (3.46±0.50), (3.09±0.79), (3.23±0.85) points, higher than (2.74±0.34), (2.68±0.65), (2.18±0.88), (2.97±0.79), (2.77±0.78), (2.81±0.69) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.187, to 5.588, P<0.05). Conclusion:The parent-child bibliotherapy can effectively improve the self-management behaviors and relieve the symptom of asthma and reduce the times of attacks and emergency treatment of school-age children with asthma.

Masculinidade apreendida na infância/adolescência de homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal / La masculinidad incautada de la infancia/adolescencia de los hombres en los procesos penales por violencia conyugal / Masculinity seized in childhood/adolescence of men in criminal proceedings for marital violence

Objetivo: compreender os elementos constitutivos da masculinidade que permearam a infância e/ou adolescência de homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal. Método: estudo qualitativo utilizando-se o referencial metodológico História Oral de Vida. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 homens em processo criminal por violência conjugal vinculados à 2ª Vara de Justiça pela Paz em Casa do município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram interpretados à luz do referencial teórico sobre masculinidade. Resultados: a infância/adolescência dos homens foi permeada por constructos da masculinidade, na sua maioria introjetados pela figura paterna. São eles: o distanciamento de brincadeiras femininas, embotamento afetivo, infidelidade, provisão familiar e domínio e violência intrafamiliar. Considerações finais: mesmo não sendo possível afirmar que esses padrões tenham influenciado no desenvolvimento da agressividade, infere-se que a observação, o incentivo, a imposição e o convívio com os elementos da masculinidade tenham contribuído para delinear o caráter dos participantes e refletido em suas condutas na vida adulta.

Objetivo: comprender los elementos constitutivos de la masculinidad que impregnaron la infancia y/o adolescencia de los hombres en los procesos penales por violencia conyugal. Método: estudio cualitativo utilizando el marco metodológico Historia Oral de la Vida. Se realizaron entrevistas a 13 hombres en procesos penales por violencia conyugal vinculados a la 2ª Corte de Justicia por la Paz en la Casa del municipio de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Los datos fueron interpretados a la luz del marco teórico sobre la masculinidad. Resultados: la infancia/adolescencia de los hombres estuvo impregnada de construcciones de masculinidad, en su mayoría introyectadas por la figura paterna. Son ellos: el distanciamiento de los juegos femeninos, la atonía afectiva, la infidelidad, la provisión y dominación familiar y la violencia familiar. Consideraciones finales: aunque no es posible afirmar que estos patrones hayan influido en el desarrollo de la agresividad, es inferible que la observación, el estímulo, la imposición y la convivencia con los elementos de la masculinidad han contribuido a delinear el carácter de los participantes y se han reflejado en sus conductas en la edad adulta.

Objective: to understand the constitutive elements of masculinity that permeated the childhood and/or adolescence of men in criminal proceedings for marital violence. Method: qualitative study using the methodological framework Oral History of Life. Interviews were conducted with 13 men in criminal proceedings for marital violence linked to the 2nd Court of Justice for Home Peace in the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The data were interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework on masculinity. Results: men's childhood/adolescence was permeated by masculinity constructs, mostly influenced by the father figure. They are: the distancing of female games, affective dullness, infidelity, family provision and dominance and family violence. Final considerations: even though it is not possible to affirm that these patterns have influenced the development of aggressiveness, it is inferable that observation, encouragement, imposition and conviviality with the elements of masculinity have contributed to delineate the character of the participants and reflected in their conducts in adulthood.

Childhood Developmental Screening from Birth until 18 months in Singapore: Update on Clinical Practice

@#Child development starts from conception until early childhood. It is influenced by antenatal, perinatal as well as early childhood factors. Social and environmental factors also affect child development. The National Childhood Immunisation Programme and Childhood Developmental Screening programme provide crucial touchpoints for primary care practitioners to screen, assess and refer cases of developmental delay. At the same time, good parent-child interaction can be promoted during these visits.

Patrones de disponibilidad emocional y los problemas de salud mental del pre-escolar / Patterns of emotional availability and preschool mental health problems

Resumen: En este estudio se examinaron los patrones de disponibilidad emocional de sesenta díadas de madre e hijo en una sesión de juego semiestructurado y los problemas de salud mental de un grupo de preescolares. Se analizó la asociación entre la disponibilidad emocional y los problemas de los niños; así como las diferencias en el nivel de problemas externalizados e internalizados según los patrones de interacción. Se utilizó la Escala de Disponibilidad Emocional (The Emotional Availability Scales; Biringen, 2008) y el Cuestionario sobre el comportamiento de niños (as) de 1.5-5 años (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL 1.5-5]; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000). Altos puntajes en sensibilidad materna, ausencia de intrusión de las madres, así como en capacidad de respuesta e involucramiento de los niños se asociaron a un menor nivel de problemas en los niños. Se conformaron tres patrones de disponibilidad emocional diádica: de alto, medio y bajo funcionamiento. Los niños del patrón de baja disponibilidad emocional mostraron un mayor nivel de aislamiento, de problemas internalizados, y de total de problemas en comparación con los niños del patrón de alto funcionamiento. El estudio aporta evidencia de la importancia de la evaluación de las relaciones entre padres e hijos en la edad preescolar.

Abstract: This study examined patterns of emotional availability among sixty mothers and their children in a semi-structured play situation and the mental health problems of a group of Mexican preschoolers. The aims of the study were to analyze the association between emotional availability and children's problems; as well as the differences in the level of child externalizing and internalizing problems according to the interaction patterns. The Emotional Availability Scales (Biringen, 2008) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) were used. A high maternal sensitivity and nonintrusiveness, as well as a high child responsiveness and child involvement were associated with a lower level of child problems. A cluster analysis revealed three dyadic patterns of emotional availability: Low-functioning, average-functioning and high-functioning pattern. Children in the low-functioning pattern showed higher levels of internalizing problems, withdrawn and total problems than children in the high-functioning pattern. This study contributes to the importance of the assessment of parent-child interactions at preschool age.

Interacción en niños con trastorno del espectro autista / Interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder

Actualmente existen investigaciones enfocadas en demostrar que la interacción es importante para favorecer el desarrollo cognoscitivo, del lenguaje, social y emocional de niños con desarrollo normal y de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Se ha propuesto que los padres de niños con TEA pueden actuar como coterapeutas de sus hijos en las interacciones cotidianas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características de comportamiento de niños con TEA al interactuar con su cuidador principal a través de juego libre. Participaron 16 niños con TEA de 4 a 12 años de edad con su cuidador principal. Se videograbó la interacción durante 15 minutos. A los padres se les indicó que establecieran un juego libre con sus hijos utilizando los materiales didácticos colocados en una caja. Se observó la videograbación para analizar la interacción considerando: actividad, movimientos estereotipados, contacto visual, respuesta impositiva o no impositiva, verbal, objetal, gestual, gestual-verbal o visual. Durante la interacción los niños estuvieron activos 80%. El 43% respondió en forma verbal, 35% a través de objetos y 22% utilizando gestos. Sólo en el 57% de la interacción los niños establecieron contacto visual. El estudio de la interacción en niños con TEA permite analizar las dificultades que presentan en lenguaje, interacción social y desarrollo cognoscitivo. La evaluación del desarrollo mediante pruebas estandarizadas en estos niños es compleja, por lo que el análisis de las interacciones posibilita describir el desarrollo y diseñar estrategias de apoyo para que los padres favorezcan el progreso del niño en la vida diaria.

Currently there is research focused on demonstrating that of interaction is important for the stimulation of cognitive, social, emotional and language development of typically developing children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It has been proposed that the parents of children with ASD may act as co-therapists for their children in everyday interactions. The aim of this study was to describe the behavioral characteristics of children with ASD when than interact with their primary caregiver through free play. Participated 16 children with ASD from 4-12 years old with their primary caregiver. Interaction was videotaped for 15 minutes. Parents were then instructed to establish a free play with their children using teaching materials placed in a box. Interaction was analyzed by watching the video recording, considering: activity, stereotyped movements, eye contact, impositive response or not impositive response and whether interaction was verbal, objetal, gestural, verbal or gestural-visual. During the interaction the children were active 80%. 43% responded verbally, 35% using objects and 22% through gestures. Children in only 57% of the interaction established visual contact. The study of interaction in children with ASD to analysis of the difficulties presented in language, social interaction and cognitive development. Evaluation of developmental by standardized tests in these children is complex, so that the analysis of interactions permits the description of development and the design of support strategies for parents in order to encourage their child’s progress in daily life.

The Effects of Narrative Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Clinical symptoms and related psychological problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with low self-control and problematic interpersonal relationship between family members. A therapeutic narrative treatment based on "Treating Huckleberry Finn" by David Nylund was reported to be effective in reduction of individual or family conflicts. We hypothesized that therapeutic narrative treatment would improve self-control and parent-child relational problems. METHODS: Sixteen children who were diagnosed as ADHD participated in the current study. They were classified according to two groups, narrative treatment group and medication treatment group. The narrative treatment group (NTG) was asked to participate in 6 weeks combined therapy of medication and 11 sessions of narrative therapeutic treatment. The medication group (MG) was asked to participate in 6 weeks combined therapy of medication and education for behavior controls in ADHD children. RESULTS: During the 6-week treatment period, the clinical symptoms in NTG improved at a trend level, compared to MG [F(1,16)=4.32, p=0.054]. During the 6-week treatment period, the sub-scale of respecting for children in parent-child interaction scores [F(1,16)=8.65, p=0.010] and self-control scores [F(1.16)=3.78, p<0.01] in NTG improved significantly, compared to MG. CONCLUSION: Based on the current results, therapeutic narrative treatment can be a complementary trial for improving self-control and parent-child interaction in children with ADHD.

Relações entre práticas educativas parentais e rendimento acadêmico em crianças / Relationship between parental practices and academic performance in children / Relación entre las prácticas educativas parental y el rendimiento académico en los niños

As práticas educativas parentais são as formas utilizadas pelos pais para contingenciar o comportamento dos filhos. Dessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a correlação entre estilos parentais e desempenho acadêmico; assim, as notas escolares das crianças nas disciplinas de matemática e português foram registradas. Participaram deste estudo 203 crianças com idade entre oito e onze anos, de ambos os sexos, que cursavam entre 3° e 5° ano de duas escolas municipais localizadas no interior do Paraná. Os participantes responderam ao Inventário de Estilos Parentais. Foram encontradas correlações entre as práticas educativas e o rendimento acadêmico, em especial com as práticas maternas. Foram observadas diferenças significativas nas médias das práticas educativas e estilos parentais referenciadas por estudantes com alto e baixo rendimento escolar. As práticas educativas maternas e paternas foram consideradas preditoras do rendimento acadêmico. Discute-se a importância das práticas parentais, em especial as maternas, no desenvolvimento acadêmico de crianças...

The parenting practices are the forms used by parents to impound their children's behavior. From this perspective, the goal of this study was to analyze how parenting styles and children's academic achievement relate to one other; thus, all children's school grades in the subjects of Mathematics and Portuguese were recorded. Study participants were 203 children aged between eight and eleven years old, of both sexes, who were enrolled between third and fifth year from two public schools in the interior of Paraná, Brazil. Participants responded to Parenting Styles Inventory. Correlations were found between education and academic performance, especially with maternal practices. Significant differences were observed in mean parenting practices and parenting styles referenced by students with high and low academic performance. The maternal and Discusses the importance of parenting, especially the maternal in academic development of children...

Las prácticas educativas parentales son las formas utilizadas por los padres para confiscar el comportamiento de los hijos. A partir de esa perspectiva, la búsqueda de verificar las relaciones entre las prácticas educativas paternales y el rendimiento académico, expresos por la media escolar en las disciplinas de portugués y matemáticas, de chicos. Participaron de ese estudio 203 chicos con edad entre ocho y once años, de ambos los sexos, que cursaban entre 3° y 5° año de dos escuelas municipales del interior de Paraná, Brasil. Los participantes contestaron al Inventario de Estilos Parentales. Fueron encontradas correlaciones entre las prácticas educativas y el rendimiento académico. Fueron observadas diferencias significativas en las medias de las prácticas educativas referenciadas por estudiantes con alto y bajo rendimiento escolar. Las prácticas educativas fueron consideradas predictores del rendimiento académico. Se habla la importancia de las prácticas parentales, en especial las maternales, en el desarrollo académico de chicos...

Home-based interventions for the children with mental retardation / 国际儿科学杂志

Home-based intervention is a essential for rehabilitation treatment for the children with mental retardation.This paper describes the methods of home-based intervention for children with mental retardation,which include Portage Project,parent-child interaction therapy,snoezelen therapy and Stepping Stones Triple P and reviews their current situations and curative effect in order to provide a reference for the application of these methods in China in the future.Each method has its own principle and advantages,and meanwhile it plays an active role in reducing disruptive behavior of children with mental retardation and optimizing parenting styles of parents.

Impact of nursing intervention mode of parent-child interactive on the adaption of postpartum family roles / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the impact of nursing intervention mode of parent-child interactive on the adaption of postpartum family roles.Methods One hundred families (maternal,husbands,baby at birth) were divided into the intervention group and the control group.The intervention group was cared by the responsibility nurses who were trained to master the parent-child interactive nursing intervention.The control group was cared by conventional nursing methods.The role adaptation of the fathers and the mothers of the two groups,and self-confidence of the parents to take care of newborns were observed.Results In the intervention group,the role adaptation of the fathers and the mothers was better than the control group; self-confidence of taking care of the newborn was better than the control group.The sleep time of the newborns was prolonged and the crying times were less than the control group.Conclusions The parent-child interactive nursing intervention model can help the family to adapt to the father and the mother role as soon as possible; teach the parents to comprehensively understand newborns,give stimulation of touch,sight,hearing,smell,so as to achieve positive response of newborns and increase the confidence of rearing newborns of the parents.

Relationship between self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students 9～16 years of age / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.